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The aim of this report is to inform the chemical community about a selfconsistent thermodynamic data set for the YBa2Cu3O6+z (1 ≥ z ≥ 0) solid solution, that is well known as the Y123 phase and possesses superconducting properties at z~1 and low temperatures. About 3300 experimental points obtained in 240 miscellaneous experiments published in 78 papers have been processed simultaneously in order to obtain the most reliable Gibbs energy function of the Y123 phase in the temperature range from 250 to 1300 K and pressures up to 100 kbar. A function is recommended for approximation of the Gibbs energy, which has 16 adjustable parameters. All other thermodynamic properties of the Y123 solution, including the conditions for its internal stability, can be derived from the assessed Gibbs energy. Brief descriptions of the thermodynamic model, experimental and data assessment methods as well as examples of self-consistent thermodynamic data applications are given.
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 463–477, 2000.
IUPAC Technical Report
© 2000 IUPAC
IUPAC permission is acknowledged
Abstract
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The modality of open education is being adopted strategically to reduce the deficit of teaching personnel in different areas, including chemistry. Because of this, educational materials were developed that aim to collaborate with the General Chemistry courses for Teaching Certificates in Chemistry, to be offered through the System of the Brazilian Open University (BOU). For this purpose, the situation of Education at a Distance (EaD) in some other countries was initially examined, to evaluate the dynamics of this teaching modality in universities considered as references in EaD and to present case studies involving chemistry. A survey was then carried out for Brazil with detailed research involving the BOU, where its situation, from its initial proposal (justification, target public, process of selection of the courses, etc.) up to the dynamics of the Centers of Actual Support of Education where the experimental lessons of chemistry, physics, biology, etc., would be given. Some studies of cases involving courses of chemistry in Brazilian universities have also been presented. However, the majority of the important government approved institutions that offer courses in this modality of education still do not make available complete information, such as curricular planning, course descriptions, the dynamics of the actual sessions, etc. Thus, as a strategy for the present work, we opted to utilize classical General Chemistry experiments (already known in some form) where it was possible to present the theoretical concepts and to provide them on the Internet as supporting material (at http://www.chemkeys.com). All the content was written in a way that the student have an ample vision of the subject, not limited to the experimental description of the practical activities that would be carried out in the Teaching Laboratories.
Text in Portuguese
Authors
João Carlos de Andrade
Janaína César
cchem.zip (67 kB)
This is a freeware program that provides general information about the first 103 elements of the Periodic Table. It was developed by Aaron Andersen. Read the file Readme.txt before using the program.
kc7gza@hotmail.com
In English
balanca_audiovis.zip (10,55 MB)
This multimedia application, produced by the Chemkeys team and Apex Digital, describes the care needed to properly operate an analytical balance. It is an application for educational use and can be copied and used for non-profit applications only if all the original files are included in the copy, without modification. The computational requirements and other information contained in the file “leiame.doc” which should be read carefully before making use of the program.
dandrade @iqm.unicamp.br
In Portuguese
si.zip (0,76 MB)
The multimedia application “The use of the SI system – the need for standardization of measurements, prepared in” Flash “, describes the units proposed by the International System of Units and demonstrates its applications in chemistry. It is an application for educational use and can be copied and used for non-profit applications only if all the original files are included in the copy, without modification. The computational requirements and other information contained in the file “leiame.doc” should be read carefully before making use of the program.
dandrade @iqm.unicamp.br
In Portuguese
ancrom.zip (4,8 MB)
In the multimedia application “Quantitative Analysis for Chromatography,” thin layer chromatography (TLC) is used as the theme to describe fundamental and experimental concepts, such as the analytical curve and the use of external and internal standards in quantitative analysis, as well as presenting processing of data through the identification and rejection of anomalous data (discussed in detail in the application) using the Huber test. More than just a simple tutorial, that is interactive material that encourages the user to accompany the theory using data presented in the examples in files included in the application itself. Alternatively, the user can develop his own files. To start your use, just download the file ancrom.zip to an appropriate directory (eg: ancrom) and unzip it. The main program (CdAnCrom.exe) works directly in the computer memory without any requirement for additional material. It is an application for educational use and can be copied and used for non-profit application only if all t e original files are included in copy, without modification. The computational requirements and other information contained in the file “leiame.doc” should be read carefully before making use of the program. A video configuration of 800 x 600 is recommended for better viewing.
cdancrom@yahoo.com
In Portuguese
fatorial-palm.zip (0,70 MB)
The Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a portable device, has the advantages of a computer and can still become a very useful tool in situations where mobility is required. Applications that use the PalmOS operating system, also have the advantage of being small programs, with optimized instructions. It is known that factorial design is a chemometric tool in which all the variables with significant influence in the measured responses are evaluated at the same time. To do this, the variables (factors) to be studied and their levels are chosen and experiments are performed for all possible combinations of factors and levels, through a planning matrix. This is one of the obvious useful applications of a PDA with PalmOS platform. The file provided above (fatorial_palm.zip) contains two others (tutorial_fatorial.pdf and leiame.pdf) and the application fatorial_palm.prc. Just click on fatorial_palm.prc. Computers with Hotsync will recognize the program and syncronized it to your PALM. This application is freeware t at is it is free to use. Note that the texts contained in files tutorial_fatorial.pdf and leiame.pdf should be read carefully before use. Users who wish may contact the developer at his email address below.
jpaula@passosuemg.br
In Portuguese
gpaper.exe (384 KB)
Now you can print your own sheets for graphics (20 options). This program is free and of unlimited use. You can use it at home, at school or at work. The author, as a reward for his work, only requires sending a postcard from your geographic region, posted with a pretty stamp for his son. Send to:
Dr Philippe Marquis
BP 81065
57038 METZ CEDEX
FRANCE
philmar@easynet.fr
In English
