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This document describes the introduction of the concept of property in the field of clinical and environmental human toxicology for the presentation of results of clinical laboratory investigations. It follows the IFCC–IUPAC systematic terminological rules and attempts to create a common base for communication between the clinical chemist, the medical practitioner, the human toxicologist, and the environmental toxicologist.
The term designating a substance being a toxicant may be an international nonproprietary name (INN), a generic name, a registered trade name, a fantasy name, or other. This causes difficulties in the transmission of requests and reports on properties involving substances in biological fluids and environmental media to and from laboratories, to the end user, and in the collating of this information from different sources.
The document comprises a list of properties of human and environmental systems involving toxicants for use in transmitting medical laboratory data. The document recommends terms based on the format developed by the IFCC and IUPAC to facilitate interaction between disciplines and unambiguous interpretation of data, e.g., for purposes of risk interpretation. Systematic terms are presented together with a code (identified by the letters NPU) for each.
The complete CNPU Database may be found at <http://dior.imt.liu.se/cnpu/info.htm>.

Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 87–152, 2007.
IUPAC Technical Report
© 2007 IUPAC
IUPAC permission is acknowledged

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An explanation of the origin and interpretation of the suspension effect (SE) is presented in accordance with “pH Measurement: IUPAC Recommendations 2002” [Pure Appl. Chem. 74, 2169 (2002)]. It is based on an analysis of detailed schemes of suspension potentiometric cells and confirmed with experimental results. Historically, the term “suspension effect” evolved during attempts to determine electrochemically the thermodynamically defined activity of H+ (aq) in suspensions. The experimental SE arises also in determining other pIon values, analogous to pH values.
The SE relates to the observation that for the potential generated when a pair of electrodes (e.g., reference electrode, RE, and glass electrode) is placed in a suspension, the measured cell voltage is different from that measured when they are both placed in the separate equilibrium solution (eqs). The SE is defined here as the sum of: (1) the difference between the mixed potential of the indicator electrode (IE) in a suspension and the IE potential placed in the separated eqs; and (2) the anomalous liquid junction potential of the RE placed in the suspension. It is not the consequence of a boundary potential between the sediment and its eqs in the suspension potentiometric cells as is stated in the current definition of the SE.

Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 67–79, 2007.
IUPAC Technical Report
© 2007 IUPAC
IUPAC permission is acknowledged





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