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This document defines the terms most commonly encountered in the field of polymers containing ionizable or ionic groups and polymers containing ions. The scope of the document has been limited to organic polymers. Inorganic materials, such as certain phosphates, silicates, etc., which also may be considered ionic polymers, are excluded from the present document. The terms selected are those that are widely used in the field of polymers containing ionizable or ionic groups and polymers containing ions. Only those terms that could be defined without ambiguity are considered. The terms are listed in alphabetical order, and cross-references to definitions given in other documents are provided.
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 78, No. 11, pp. 2067–2074, 2006.
IUPAC Recommendations 2006
© 2006 IUPAC
IUPAC permission is acknowledged
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The international standardizing organizations—AOAC International, ISO, and IUPAC—cooperated to produce the International Harmonized Protocol for the Proficiency Testing of (Chemical) Analytical Laboratories. The Working Group that produced the protocol agreed to revise that Protocol in the light of recent developments and the experience gained since it was first published. This revision has been prepared and agreed upon in the light of comments received following open consultation.
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 145–196, 2006.
IUPAC Technical Report
© 2006 IUPAC
IUPAC permission is acknowledged
Abstract
The agricultural application of industrial wastes, alone or mixed with other waste or organic substrates, has been evaluated as a possible destination for waste generated in various industrial processes.
Since this important environmental implications, it is necessary to establish reliable analytical protocols for monitoring the deposited waste, the composites formed by mixing it with conditioner or organic chemicals and the soil onto which, it is add for agricultural purposes.
In this book, beyond the approach of important topics relating to the theme, analysis protocols for these purposes are proposed. These procedures are quick and easy to perform in ordinary laboratories, having been modified by well-known recommendations and regulations government, such as CETESB, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the IAC, taking into account also those proposed by the official organs of control, such as CETESB, CONAMA and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. All work was developed and compared based on these methods.
The suggested protocols have been tested in routine use and may be used interchangeably in the analysis of soil, sludge from sewage treatment plants and from garbage composites, as well as certain industrial wastes with essentially inorganic characteristics, such as alkaline residues resulting from bauxite by the Bayer process (red mud), and possible combinations such as tailing soil, reject sludge, and disposed composite tailings.
Considering the effective participation of the Center for Research and Development of Soil and Environmental Resources, Agronomic Institute, with broad and recognized experience in this type of work, we believe that we are offering options analyses appropriate for agricultural environment monitoring and for studies of soils submitted disposal of waste for agricultural purposes.
Authors
João C. de Andrade
Mônica F. de Abreu
